Mechanica EXP

SURFACE TENSION WITH THE RING METHOD (DU NOUY METHOD) - PHYWE - P2140500

PP2140500

The force is measured on a ring shortly before a liquid film tears using a torsion meter. The surface tension is calculated from the diameter of the ring and the tear-off force.

Tasks
1.Determine the surface tension of olive oil as a function of temperature.
2. Determine the surface tension of water/methanol mixtures as functions of the mixture ratio.

What you can learn about
Surface energy
Interface
Surface tension
Adhesion
Critical point
Eötvös equation

35750-95 Magnetic stirrer with heater MRHei-Tec 1x
02416-00 Torsion dynamometer, 0.01 N 1x
17547-00 Surface tension measuring ring 1x
37692-00 Retort stand, 210mm × 130mm, 500mm 1x
30008-50 Ethyl alcohol, absolute 500 ml 1x
02728-00 Water jet pump, plastic 1x
02040-55 Right angle clamp PHYWE 1x
36589-00 Pipette dish 1x
02022-20 Supp.rod stainl.st.,50cm,M10-thr. 1x
36592-00 Pipettor 1x
37715-00 Universal clamp 2x
36705-00 Stopcock,1-way,straight, glass 1x
31246-81 Water, distilled 5 l 1x
46245-00 Crystallizing dish, boro3.3, 900ml 2x
30177-10 Olive oil,pure 100 ml 5x
46244-00 Cristallizing dish,boro3.3, 500ml 2x
37697-00 Right angle clamp 2x
36701-64 Glass tubes,straight, 150 mm, 10 1x
36579-00 Volumetric pipette, 20 ml 1x
36629-00 Graduated cylinder 100 ml 1x
02412-00 Silk thread, l = 200 m 1x
36578-00 Volumetric pipette, 10 ml 1x
39296-00 Silicone tubing i.d. 7mm 2x
46299-02 Magnetic stirring bar 30 mm, cylindrical 1x

Measurement of basic constants: length, weight and time - PHYWE - P2110100

PP2110100

Principle

Caliper gauges, micrometers and spherometers are used for the accurate measurement of lengths, thicknesses, diameters and curvatures. A mechanical balance is used for weight determinations, a decade counter is used for accurate time measurements. Measuring procedures, accuracy of measurement and reading accuracy are demonstrated.

Tasks

Determination of the volume of tubes with the caliper gauge.
Determination of the thickness of wires, cubes and plates with the micrometer.
Determination of the thickness of plates and the radius of curvature of watch glasses with the spherometer.

What you can learn about

Length
Diameter
Inside diameter thickness
Curvature
Vernier
Weight resolution
Time measurement

Newton's 2nd law/ air track - PHYWE - P2130301

PP2130301

Principle

According to Newton's 2nd law of motion for a mass point, the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are investigated.

Tasks

The distance-time law, the velocity time law and the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are determined.
The conservation of energy can be investigated.

What you can learn about

Linear motion
Velocity
Acceleration
Conservation of energy

Software included. Computer not provided.

Newton's 2nd law/ demonstration track - PHYWE - P2130305

PP2130305

Principle

The distance-time law, the velocity time law, and the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are determined with the aid of the demonstration track rail for uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line.

Tasks

Determination of:

Distance travelled as a function of time
Velocity as a function of time
Acceleration as a function of the accelerated mass
Acceleration as a function of force.

What you can learn about

Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Acceleration of gravity

Newton's 2nd law/ air track with Cobra3 - PHYWE - P2130311

PP2130311

According to Newton's 2nd law of motion for a mass point, the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are investigated.

Tasks

The distance-time law, the velocity time law and the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are determined.
The conservation of energy can be investigated.

What you can learn about

Linear motion
Velocity
Acceleration
Conservation of energy

Newton's 2nd law/ demonstration track with Cobra3 - PHYWE - P2130315

PP2130315

Projectile motion - PHYWE - P2131100

PP2131100

Principle

A steel ball is fired by a spring at different velocities and at different angles to the horizontal. The relationships between the range, the height of projection, the angle of inclination and the firing velocity are determined.

Tasks

To determine the range as a function of the angle of inclination.
To determine the maximum height of projection as a function of the angle of inclination.
To determine the (maximum) range as a function of the initial velocity.

What you can learn about

Trajectory parabola
Motion involving uniform acceleration
Ballistics

Recording paper, 1 roll,25 m 11221-01
Ballistic Unit 11229-10
Speed measuring attachment 11229-30
Power supply 5 VDC/2.4 A 13900-99
Barrel base PHYWE 02006-55
Two-tier platform support 02076-03
Steel ball, d = 19 mm 02502-01
Meter scale, demo. l=1000mm 03001-00

Ballistic pendulum - PHYWE - P2131200

PP2131200

Principle

A classic method of determining the velocity of a projectile is to shoot the projectile into a resting mass which is large compared to the projectile's mass and hung as a pendulum. In the process, the projectile remains in the pendulum mass and oscillates with it. This is an inelastic collision in which the momentum remains unchanged. If the pendulum's mechanical data are known, one can infer the velocity of the pendulum's mass (including the projectile's mass) at the lowest point of the pendulum's oscillation from the amplitude of the pendulum's oscillation. The momentum of the two masses in this phase of the oscillation must thus be equal to the impulse of the projectile before it struck the pendulum. If one knows the masses of the pendulum and the projectile, one can calculate the projectile's velocity. In order to be able to use this measuring principle without danger, the following set-up is used here: A steel ball is shot at the mass of a pendulum with the aid of a spring catapult. The pendulum mass has a hollow space in which the steel ball is held. If, additionally, two light barriers and a time measuring device are available, an independent, direct measurement of the initial velocity of the ball can be made.

Tasks

Measurement of the oscillation amplitudes of the ballistic pendulum after capturing the steel ball for the three possible tension energies of the throwing device.
Calculation of the initial velocities of the ball from the measured oscillation amplitudes and the mechanical data of the pendulum is performed using the approximation formula (3).
Plotting of the velocity v of the steel ball as a function of the maximum deflection; (0.90°) of the pendulum according to formula (3), taking into consideration the special mechanical data of the experiment.
Determination of the correction factor for the utilised pendulum for the conversion of the velocities determined by using the approximation formula into the values obtained from the exact theory. Correction of the velocity values from Tasks 2.5. If the supplementary devices for the direct measurement of the initial velocity are available, measure the initial velocities corresponding to the three tension steps of the throwing device by performing 10 measurements each with subsequent mean value calculation. Plot the measured points in the diagram from Task 3. Give reasons for contingent systematic deviations from the theoretical curve.

What you can learn about

Potential and kinetic energy
Rotational energy
Moment of inertia
Inelastic collision
Principle of conservation of momentum
Angular momentum
Measurement of projectile velocities

Ballistic Unit 11229-10
Ballistic Pendulum,f.Ballist.Unit 11229-20
Speed measuring attachment 11229-30
Power supply 5 VDC/2.4 A 13900-99
Steel ball, d = 19 mm 02502-01

Vapour pressure of water below 100°C - molar heat of vapori - PHYWE - P2340200

PP2340200

The vapour pressure of water in the range of 40 °C to 85 °C is investigated. It is shown that the Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes the relation between temperature and pressure in an adequate manner. An average value for the heat of vaporisation of water is determined.

Tasks

About 250 ml of demineralised water are allowed to boil for about 10 minutes to eliminate all traces of dissolved gas. The water is then cooled down to room temperature.
The 3-neck round flask is filled about three-quarters full with gas-free water and heated. At 35 °C the space above the water within the round flask is evacuated. Further heating causes an increase in pressure p and temperature T of water within the round flask. p and T are read in steps of 5 °C up to a maximum of T = 85 °C.

What you can learn about

Pressure
Temperature
Volume
Vaporization
Vapour pressure
Clausius-Clapeyron equation

DETERMINATION OF MOLAR MASSES VIA A MEASUREMENT OF THE BOILLING POINT ELEVATION (EBULLIOSCOPY)

PP1136000

EQUATION OF STATE FOR IDEAL GASES WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE - P2320160

PP2320160

The state of a gas is determined by temperature, pressure and amount of substance. For the limiting case of ideal gases, these state variables are linked via the general equation of state. For a change of state under isochoric conditions this equation becomes Amontons' law. In this experiment it is investigated whether Amontons' law is valid for a constant amount of gas (air).

Tasks

- For a constant amount of gas (air) investigate the correlation of
1. Volume and pressure at constant temperature (Boyle and Mariotte's law)
2. Volume and temperature at constant pressure (Gay-Lussac's law)
3. Pressue and temperature at constant volume (Charles' (Amontons' law))

- From the relationships obtained calculate the universal gas constant as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion, the coefficient of thermal tension, and the coefficient of cubic compressibility.

What you can learn about
- Thermal tension coefficient
- General equation of state for ideal gases
- Universal gas constant
- Amontons' law

Software included. Computer not provided.

NEWTON'S 2ND LAW/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE - P2130360

PP2130360

Principle

According to Newton's 2nd law of motion for a mass point, the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are investigated.

Tasks
1.The distance-time law, the velocity time law and the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are determined.
2.The conservation of energy can be investigated.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Acceleration
"Conservation of energy

Software included. Computer not provided.

NEWTON'S 2ND LAW/ AIR TRACK WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE - P2130363

PP2130363

Principle

According to Newton's 2nd law of motion for a mass point, the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are investigated.

Tasks
1.The distance-time law, the velocity time law and the relationship between mass, acceleration and force are determined.
2.The conservation of energy can be investigated.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Acceleration
"Conservation of energy

Software included. Computer not provided.

NEWTON'S 2ND LAW/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK WITH MEASURE DYNAMICS - PHYWE - P2130380

PP2130380

Principle

A mass, which is connected to a cart via a silk thread, drops to the floor. The resulting motion of the cart will be recorded by way of a video camera and evaluated with the "measure Dynamics" software. The relationship between distance and time, velocity and time, and the relationship between mass, acceleration, and force will be determined for a uniformly accelerated
rectilinear motion with the aid of the demonstration track. In addition, the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy will be represented graphically as well as by integrating the various forms of energy into the video in the form of bars.

Tasks
1.Determination of the distance covered as a function of time.
2.Determination of the velocity as a function of time.
3.Integration of the velocity into the video.
4.Graphical representation of the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy while demonstrating the law of conservation of energy.
5.Integration of the potential, kinetic, and total energy into the video.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Acceleration
"Conservation of energy
"Kinetic energy
"Potential energy

LAWS OF COLLISION/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK WITH A 4-4 TIMER - PHYWE - P2130505

PP2130505

Principle

The volocities of two gliders, moving without friction on a demonstration track, are measured before and after collision, for both elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks

1. Elastic collision
1.The impulses of the two gliders as well as their sum after the collision. For comparison the mean value of the impulses of the first glider is entered as a horizontal line in the graph.
2.Their energies, in a manner analogous to Task 1.1
3.In accordance with the mean value of the measured impulse of the first glider before the collision, the theoretical values of the impulses for the two gliders are entered for a range of mass ratios from 0 to 3. For purposes of comparison the measuring points (see 1.1) are plotted in the graph.
4.In accordance with the mean value of the measured energy of the first glider before the collision, the theoretical values of the energy after the collision are plotted analogously to Task 1.3. In the process, the measured values are compared with the theoretical curves.

2. Inelastic collision
1.The impulse values are plotted as in Task 1.1.
2.The energy values are plotted as in Task 1.2.
3.The theoretical and measured impulse values are compared as in Task 1.3.
4.As in Task 1.4, the theoretical and measured energy values are compared. In order to clearly illustrate the energy loss and its dependence on the mass ratios, the theoretical functions of the total energy of both gliders and the energy loss after the collision are plotted.

What you can learn about
"Conservation of momentum
"Conservation of energy
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Elastic loss
"Elastic collision

LAWS OF COLLISION/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK (WITH COBRA3)- PHYWE - P2130515

PP2130515

Prinzip

Die Geschwindigkeiten zweier Gleiter, die ohne Reibung auf einer Rollenfahrbahn bewegt werden, werden vor und nach einer Kollision, bei elastischer und inelastischer Kollision gemessen.

Aufgabe
"Elastische Kollision
1.Ein Gleiter, dessen Masse immer unverändert bleibt, kollidiert mit einem zweiten feststehenden Gleiter bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit. Eine Messserie, in welcher die Geschwindigkeiten des ersten Gleiters vor der Kollision und die Geschwindigkeiten beider Gleiter nach der Kollision gemessen werden, wird bei veränderten Massen des feststehenden Gleiters durchgeführt.
"Inelastische Kollision
1.Ein Gleiter, dessen Masse immer unverändert bleibt, kollidiert mit einem zweiten feststehenden Gleiter bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit. Eine Messserie mit verschiedenen Massen des feststehehnden Gleiters wird durchgeführt: die Geschwindigkeiten des ersten Gleiters vor der Kollision und die der beiden Gleiter, die nach der Kollision die gleiche Geschwindigkeit haben, sollen gemessen werden.

Lernziele
"Erhaltung der Dynamik
"Erhaltung der Energie
"Lineartechnik
"Geschwindigkeit
"elastischer Verlust
"elastische Kollision
"inelastische Kollision
(Bitte beachten: Versuchsbeschreibung ist nur in englischer Sprache erhältlich)

LAW OF COLLISION/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE - P2130560

PP2130560

Principle

The velocity of two carts, moving without friction on a demonstration track, are measured before and after collision, for both elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks
"Elastic collision
1.A cart whose mass always remains unchanged collides with a second resting cart at a constant velocity. A measurement series, in which the velocities of the first cart before the collision and the velocities of both carts after it are to be measured, is conducted by varying mass of the resting carts.
"Inelastic collision
1.A cart, whose mass always remains unchanged, collides with a constant velocitiy with a second resting cart. A measurement series with different masses of the resting cart is performed: the velocities of the first cart before the collision and those of both carts, which have equal velocities, after it are to be measured.

What you can learn about
"Conservation of momentum
"Conservation of energy
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Elastic loss

LAWS OF COLLISION / AIR TRACK WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE P2130563

PP2130563

Principle

The velocity of two gliders, moving without friction on an air track, are measured before and after collision, for both elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks
"Elastic collision
1.A glider whose mass always remains unchanged collides with a second resting glider at a constant velocity. A measurement series, in which the velocities of the first glider before the collision and the velocities of both gliders after it are to be measured, is conducted by varying mass of the resting glider.
"Inelastic collision
1.A glider, whose mass always remains unchanged, collides with a constant velocitiy with a second resting glider. A measurement series with different masses of the resting glider is performed: the velocities of the first glider before the collision and those of both gliders, which have equal velocities, after it are to be measured.

What you can learn about
"Conservation of momentum
"Conservation of energy
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Elastic loss

LAWS OF COLLISION/ DEMONSTRATION TRACK WITH MEASURE DYNAMICSK - PHYWE P2130580

PP2130580

Principle

The velocities of two carts, moving on a demonstration track, are measured by way of the "measure Dynamics" software for a video analysis before and after their collision, for both an elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks
"Elastic collision
1.
Graphical representation of the individual momentums of the two carts and of the total momentum. Integration of the value of the theoretical momentum into this diagram.

2.
Graphical representation of the energy values by applying the same procedure as for task 1.1.

3.
Integration of the momentum before and after the collision into the video.

4.
Integration of the energy before and after the collision into the video.



"Inelastic collision
1.
Graphical representation of the momentums in the same manner as in task 1.1.

2.
Graphical representation of the energy values by applying the same procedure as for task 1.2.

3.
Integration of the momentum into the video in the same manner as for task 1.3.

4.
Integration of the energy into the video in the same manner as for task 1.4.


What you can learn about
"Conservation of momentum
"Conservation of energy
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Elastic loss
"Elastic collision
"Inelastic collision

FREE FALL WITH FALLING SPHERE APPARATUS - PHYWE - P2130701

PP2130701

Principle

A sphere falls freely over certain distances. The falling time is measured and evaluated from diagrams. The acceleration due to gravity can be determined.

Tasks
1.To determine the functional relationship between height of fall and falling time.
2.To determine the acceleration due to gravity.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion due to constant acceleration
"Laws of falling bodies
"Gravitational acceleration

FREE FALL WITH TIMER 2-1 - PHYWE - P2130702

PP2130702

Tasks 1.To determine the functional relationship between height of fall and falling time.
2.To determine the acceleration due to gravity.

Free fall, complete set (interface version with Cobra3) - PHYWE - P2130711

PP2130711

Principle

The fall times t are measured for different heights of fall h. h is represented as the function of t or t2, so the distance-time law of the free fall results as h = 1/2 · g · t2. Then the measured values are taken to determine the acceleration due to gravity g.

Tasks

Determination of
1.Distance time law for the free fall.
2.Velocity-time law for the free fall.
3.Precise measurement of the acceleration due to gravity for the free fall.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion due to constant acceleration
"Laws governing falling bodies
"Acceleration due to gravity

FREE FALL WITH COBRA4- PHYWE - P2130760

PP2130760

Principle

The fall times t are measured for different heights of fall h. h is represented as the function of t or t², so the distance-time law of the free fall results as h = 1/2 · g · t². Then the measured values are taken to determine the acceleration due to gravity g.

Tasks

Determination of
1.distance time law for the free fall,
2.velocity-time law for the free fall,
3.precise measurement of the acceleration due to gravity for the free fall.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion due to constant acceleration
"Laws governing falling bodies
"Acceleration due to gravity

Software included. Computer not provided.

FREE FALL WITH MEASURE DYNAMICS - PHYWE - P2130780

PP2130780

Principle

The aim of this experiment is to film a high-speed video of a sphere falling from the height of fall h. The "measure Dynamics" software is used for the graphical representation of the distance as a function of time t and also as a function of the square of
time t^2 as well as the graphical representation of the velocity v and acceleration a as a function of time t. Then, the measured values are used to determine the gravitational acceleration g.
The velocity and acceleration are then integrated into the video, followed by a discussion of the results.

Tasks
1.Determination of the gravitational acceleration by way of the distance-time law for the free fall.
2.Determination of the gravitational acceleration by way of the velocity-time law for the free fall.
3.Determination of the gravitational acceleration.
4.Integration of the velocity and acceleration into the video.

What you can learn about
"Linear motion due to constant acceleration
"Laws governing falling bodies
"Acceleration due to gravity

Determination of the gravitational constant/ computerised - PHYWE - P2130901

PP2130901

Principle

Two small lead spheres are positioned on a beam, which is freely suspended on a thin metal wire. At the beginning the large lead spheres are positioned symmetrically opposite to the small spheres in that way that the attractive forces are eliminated. There after, the large spheres are swung so that they are close to the small spheres. As a consequence of the gravitational attracting force the beam with the small spheres now moves in a new equilibrium position, where the attractive forces are equivalent to the force of the torsion of the wire. The gravitational constant can be determined from the new equilibrium position.

Tasks
1.Calibration of an angular detector.
2.Determination of the oscillation time of a free and damped oscillating torsion pendulum.
3.Determination of the gravitational constant.

What you can learn about
"Law of gravitation
"Free, damped, forced and torsional oscillations
"Moment of inertia of spheres and rods
"Steiner's theorem
"Shear modulus

PROJECTILE MOTION WITH MEASURE DYNAMICS - PHYWE - P2131180

PP2131180

Principle

A steel sphere is launched by a ballistic unit and the resulting trajectory is filmed with the aid of a video camera. The "measure Dynamics" software is used to demonstrate the dependence of the trajectory on the launching angle and on the initial velocity, and to determine the range and height of the trajectory. In addition, the resulting trajectory is integrated into the video, followed by a discussion of the course of the velocity.

Tasks
1.Determination of the trajectory.
2.Determination of the launching angle.
3.Determination of the initial velocity.
4.Determination of the range.
5.Determination of the maximum height.
6.Integration of the trajectory into the video.
7.Integration of the velocity vectors into the video.


What you can learn about
"Trajectory parabola
"Motion involving uniform acceleration
"Ballistics

Reversible pendulum - PHYWE - P2132200

PP2132200

Principle

By means of a reversible pendulum, terrestrial gravitational acceleration g may be determined from the period of oscillation of a physical pendulum, knowing neither the mass nor the moment of inertia of the latter.

Tasks
1.Measurement of the period for different axes of rotation.
2.Determination of terrestrial gravitational acceleration g.

What you can learn about
"Physical pendulum
"Moment of inertia
"Steiner's law
"Reduced length of pendulum
"Reversible pendulum
"Terrestrial gravitational acceleration

X - PHYWE - PX

PP9

MOMENTS - PHYWE - P2120100

PP2120100

Principle

Coplanar forces (weight, spring balance) act on the moments disc on either side of the pivot. In equilibrium, the moments are determined as a function of the magnitude and direction of the forces and of the reference point.

Tasks
1.Determination of the Moment as a function of the distance between the origin of the coordinates and the point of action of the force.
2.Determination of the Moment as a function of the angle between the force and the position vector to the point of action of the force.
3.Determination of the Moment as a function of the force.

What you can learn about
"Moments
"Couple
"Equilibrium
"Statics
"Lever
"Coplanar forces

MOMENT OF INERTIA AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION AND WITH AN AIR BEARING - PHYWE - P2131301

PP2131301

A moment acts on a body which can be rotated about a bearing without friction.The moment of inertia is determined from the angular acceleration.

Tasks

From the angular acceleration, the moment of inertia are determined as a function of the mass and of the distance from the axis of rotation:

of a disc,
of a bar,
of a mass point.

What you can learn about

Angular velocity
Rotary motion
Moment
Moment of inertia of a disc
Moment of inertia of a bar
Moment of inertia of a mass point

MOMENT OF INERTIA AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION WITH A PRECISION PIVOT BEARING - PHYWE - P2131305

PP2131305

Principle

A moment acts on a body which can be rotated about a bearing without friction. The moment of inertia is determined from the angular acceleration.

Tasks

From the angular acceleration, the moment of inertia is determined as a function of the mass and the distance from the axis of rotation
1.of a disc
2.of a bar
3.of a mass point

What you can learn about
"Angular velocity
"Rotary motion
"Moment
"Moment of inertia of a disc
"Moment of inertia of a bar
"Moment of inertia of a mass point

MOMENT OF INERTIA AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION WITH COBRA4 AND A PRECISION PIVOT BEARING - PHYWE - P2131

PP2131363

Principle

If a constant torque is applied to a body that rotates without friction around a fixed axis, the changing angle of rotation increases proportionally to the square of the time and the angular velocity proportional to the time.

Tasks
1.Measurement of the laws of angle and angular velocity according to time for an uniform rotation movement.
2.Measurement of the laws of angle and angular velocity according to time for an uniformly accelerated rotational movement.
3.Rotation angle; is proportional to the time t required for the rotation.

What you can learn about
"Angular velocity
"Rotation
"Moment
"Torque
"Moment of inertia
"Rotational energy

MOMENT AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM - PHYWE - P2131500

PP2131500

Principle

The angle of rotation and angular velocity are measured as a function of time on a body which is pivoted so as to rotate without friction and which is acted on by a moment. The angular acceleration is determined as a function of the moment.

Tasks

With uniformly accelerated rotary motion, the following will be determined:
1.the angle of rotation as a function of time,
2.the angular velocity as a function of time,
3.the angular acceleration as a function of time,
4.the angular acceleration as a function of the lever arm.

What you can learn about
"Circular motion
"Angular velocity
"Angular acceleration
"Moment of inertia
"Newton's laws
"Rotation

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE - PHYWE - P2131601

PP2131601

Principle

A body with variable mass moves on a circular path with adjustable radius and variable angular velocity. The centrifugal force of the body will be measured as a function of these parameters.

Tasks

Determination of the centrifugal force as a function
1.of the mass,
2.of the angular velocity,
3.of the distance from the axis of rotation to the centre of gravity of the car.

What you can learn about
"Centripetal force
"Rotary motion
"Angular velocity
"Apparent force

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, COMPLETE SET (INTERFACE VERSION) - PHYWE - P2131611

PP2131611

Principle

A body with variable mass moves on a circular path with adjustable radius and variable angular velocity. The centrifugal force of the body will be measured as a function of these parameters.

Tasks

Determination of the centrifugal force as a function

1. of the mass,

2. of the angular velocity,

3. of the distance from the axis of rotation to the centre of gravity of the car.

What you can learn about
"Centrifugal force
" Centripetal force
" Rotary motion
" Angular velocity
" Apparent force

MECHANICAL CONSERVATION OF ENERGY/ MAXWELL'S WHEEL - PHYWE - P2131800

PP2131800

Principle

A disc, which can unroll with its axis on two cords, moves in the gravitational field. Potential energy, energy of translation and energy of rotation are converted into one another and are determined as a function of time.

Tasks

The moment of inertia of the Maxwell disc is determined. Using the Maxwell disc,
1.the potential energy,
2.the energy of translation,
3.the energy of rotation,

are determined as a function of time.

What you can learn about
"Maxwell disc
"Energy of translation
"Energy of rotation
"Potential energy
"Moment of inertia
"Angular velocity
"Angular acceleration
"Instantaneous velocity
"Gyroscope

MECHANICAL CONSERVATION OF ENERGY/ MAXWELL'S WHEEL WITH MEASURE DYNAMICS - PHYWE -P2131880

PP2131880

Principle

A wheel, which can unroll around its axis on two cords, moves a gravitational field. This process is filmed with a video camera. The potential energy, kinetic energy, and rotational energy are converted into one another and determined as a function of time with the aid of the "measure Dynamics" software.

Tasks
1.Determination of the moment of inertia of the Maxwell wheel by way of the distance-time relationship.
2.Determination of the moment of inertia of the Maxwell wheel by way of the velocity-time relationship.
3.Graphical representation of the potential energy, kinetic energy, and rotational energy as a function of time.

What you can learn about
"Maxwell disc
"Energy of translation
"Energy of rotation
"Potential energy
"Moment of inertia
"Angular velocity
"Angular acceleration
"Instantaneous velocity
"Gyroscope

LAWS OF GYROSCOPES/ 3-AXIS GYROSCOPE - PHYWE - P2131900

PP2131900

Principle

The momentum of inertia of the gyroscope is investigated by measuring the angular acceleration caused by torques of different known values. In this experiment, two of the axes of the gyroscope are fixed. The relationship between the precession frequency and the gyro-frequency of the gyroscope with 3 free axes is examined for torques of different values applied to the axis of rotation. If the axis of rotation of the force free gyroscope is slightly displaced, a nutation is induced. The nutation frequency will be investigated as a function of gyro frequency.

Tasks
1.Determination of the momentum of inertia of the gyroscope by measurement of the angular acceleration.
2.Determination of the momentum of inertia by measurement of the gyro-frequency and precession frequency.
3.Investigation of the relationship between precession and gyro-frequency and its dependence from torque.
4.Investigation of the relationship between nutation frequency and gyro-frequency.

What you can learn about
"Momentum of inertia
"Torque
"Angular momentum
"Precession
"Nutation

LAWS OF GYROSCOPES/ CARDANIC GYROSCOPE - PHYWE - P2132000

PP2132000

Principle

If the axis of rotation of the force-free gyroscope is displaced slightly, a nutation is produced. The relationship between precession frequency or nutation frequency and gyro-frequency is examined for different moments of inertia. Additional weights are applied to a gyroscope mounted on gimbals, so causing a precession.

Tasks
1.To determine the precession frequency as a function of the torque and the angular velocity of the gyroscope.
2.To determine the nutational frequency as a function of the angular velocity and the moment of inertia.

What you can learn about
"Moment of inertia
"Torque
"Angular momentum
"Nutation
"Precession

MOMENTS OF INERTIA OF DIFFERENT BODIES/ STEINER'S THEOREM WITH COBRA3 - PHYWE - P2132811

PP2132811

Principle

The moment of inertia of a solid body depends on its mass distribution and the axis of rotation. Steiner's theorem elucidates this relationship.

Tasks
1.The moments of inertia of different bodies are determined by oscillation measurements.
2.Steiner's theorem is verified.

What you can learn about
"Rigid body
" Moment of inertia
" Centre of gravity
" Axis of rotation
" Torsional vibration
" Spring constant
" Angular restoring force

MOMENTS OF INERTIA OF DIFFERENT BODIES/ STEINER'S THEOREM WITH COBRA4 - PHYWE - P2132860

PP2132860

Principle

The moment of inertia of a solid body depends on its mass distribution and the axis of rotation. Steiner's theorem elucidates this relationship.

Tasks
1.The moments of inertia of different bodies are determined by oscillation measurements.
2.Steiner's theorem is verified.

What you can learn about
"Rigid body
"Moment of inertia
"Centre of gravity
"Axis of rotation
"Torsional vibration
"Spring constant
"Angular restoring force

WARMTEBEELDCAMERA EDUCATION - INFRAROODCAMERA

FLIR-C2

Deze camera is een bijzonder krachtige en zelf kalibrerende warmte-camera, geschikt voor het zelfstandig doen van onderzoek in de vakken fysica, scheikunde, biologie en STEM

De kit bestaat uit:
" FLIR C2 camera
" Bevestigingsklem voor statief
" Research IR software
" Lesmateriaal

Nu binnen bereik onderwijs! Nu beschikbaar voor het onderwijs een bijzonder krachtige en zelf kalibrerende warmte camera.

De FLIR C2 is zeer aantrekkelijk geprijsd, speciaal voor het onderwijs. De FLIR C2 levert kwaliteit en duurzaamheid in een speciaal ontworpen kit voor het onderwijs.

De onderwijs set bevat:
" FLIR C2 camera
" Bevestiging klem voor een statief
" Research IR software
" Lesmateriaal.

Vele onderzoeken mogelijk

Leerlingen willen steeds meer en complexer onderzoek doen. De FLIR C2 is met zijn compacte en slanke vorm ideaal voor het doen van onderzoek op elke plek. Leerlingen kunnen zelfstandig onderzoek doen naar bijvoorbeeld isolatie, warmtestroom bij huizen en wrijvingswarmte.

Bij verschillende experimenten kan de wet van behoud van energie gecontroleerd worden. Een project naar energie en duurzaamheid wordt leerzamer doordat leerlingen stille verbruikers in huis gemakkelijk kunnen vinden.

Het opsporen van nachtdieren als biologisch onderzoek wordt eenvoudig met de FLIR C2. Met de FLIR C2 kan de activiteit van deze dieren geobserveerd worden.

Met de FLIR C2 kan ook basaal metabolisme gemeten worden. De FLIR C2 kan ingezet worden bij het doen van een CSI practicum waarbij leerlingen naast allerlei sporen ook kijken naar handafdrukken en afkoelende objecten.

Het verschil tussen endotherme en exotherme reacties wordt zeer duidelijk in beeld gebracht omdat het mogelijk is om real time te filmen (via USB) en dit te projecteren via een beamer.

MSX® real-­ time beeldverbetering en touchscreen
De FLIR C2 maakt gebruik van gepatenteerde MSX® real-­ time beeldverbetering en een helder, gebruiksvriendelijk touchscreen met automatische oriëntatie. Hiermee legt de camera warmtebeelden tot in het kleinste detail vast. MSX voegt belangrijke details (vastgelegd door de geïntegreerde zichtbare camera) toe aan de warmtebeelden van de C2. Hierdoor zijn cijfers, letters, structuren en andere kenmerken duidelijk zichtbaar, zonder dat de kwaliteit van het warmtebeeld eronder lijdt. De zeer gevoelige detector, met een resolutie van 4.800 pixels, maakt en toont beelden van subtiele warmtepatronen en kleine temperatuurverschillen, zodat experimenten zeer nauwkeurig gedaan kunnen worden.

IR foto en foto zichtbare gebied
De FLIR C2 maakt zowel een IR foto als een foto in het zichtbare gebied, zodat leerlingen eenvoudig verschillen en belangrijke gebieden kunnen vinden. Dankzij de eenvoudige bediening kan de camera JPEG's met één druk op de knop opslaan. De beelden kunnen later worden gedownload via de gratis FLIR Tools-­ software. De foto s kunnen daarna met ieder gewenste software bewerkt worden.


9 Hz Warmtebeeldcamera
Temperatuurmeetbereik-10° tot +150 °C
MSX-geoptimaliseerde warmtebeelden
Geïntegreerd LED-licht
Smal ontwerp geschikt voor elke tas
( 72001-0101 - FLIR C2 Warmtebeeldcamera)

SURFACE OF ROTATING LIQUIDS - PHYWE - P2140200

PP2140200

A vessel containing liquid is rotated about an axis. The liquid surface forms a paraboloid of rotation, the parameters of which will be determined as a function of the angular velocity.

Tasks

On the rotating liquid surface, the following are determined:
the shape,
the location of the lowest point as a function of the angular velocity,
the curvature.

What you can learn about
Angular velocity
Centrifugal force
Rotary motion
Paraboloid of rotation
Equilibrium



Power supply 5 V DC/2.4 A with 4 mm plugs 11076-99 : 1x
Light barrier with counter 11207-30 : 1x
Motor, with gearing, 12 VDC 11610-00 : 1x
Methylene blue sol.,alkal. 250 ml 31568-25 : 1x
Barrel base PHYWE 02006-55 : 1x
Bench clamp PHYWE 02010-00 : 2x
Rotating liquid cell 02536-01 : 1x
Bearing unit 02845-00 : 1x
Driving belt 03981-00 : 1x
Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, red 07361-01 : 1x
Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, blue 07361-04 : 1x
PHYWE power supply DC: 0...12 V, 2 A / AC: 6 V, 12 V, 5 A 13506-93 : 1x

VIBRATION OF STRINGS - PHYWE - P2150100

PP2150100

A tensioned metal string is made to vibrate. The vibrations of the string are optically scanned, the vibration process observed on the oscilloscope and the dependence of the frequency on the string tension and string length and the density of the material are investigated.

Tasks
- To measure the frequency of a string (e.g. constantan, 0.4 mm dia.) as a function of the tensioning force and the length of the string.
- To measure the frequency for various types and cross-sections of string, at a fixed tension and string length.

What you can learn about
- Natural vibration
- Mass-spring system
- Harmonic sound intervals



Photoelement f. opt. base plt. 08734-00 : 1x
30 MHz digital storage oscilloscope with colour display,2 x BNC cables l =75 cm incl. 11462-99 : 1x
Universal Counter 13601-99 : 1x
LF amplifier, 220 V 13625-93 : 1x
Lampholder E10, case G1 17049-00 : 1x
Filament lamp 6 V/3 W, E10, 10 pcs. 35673-03 : 1x
Barrel base PHYWE 02006-55 : 1x
Bench clamp PHYWE 02010-00 : 3x
Support rod PHYWE,square,l 250mm 02025-55 : 3x
Right angle clamp PHYWE 02040-55 : 3x
Rod with hook 02051-00 : 1x
Sign holder 02066-00 : 2x
Fish line, l. 100m 02090-00 : 1x
Meter scale, demo. l=1000mm 03001-00 : 1x
Spring balance 100 N 03060-04 : 1x
Striking hammer 03429-00 : 1x
String tensioning device, w. stem 03431-01 : 1x
Distributor 06024-00 : 1x
Nickel wire, d = 0.3 mm, l = 100 m 06090-00 : 1x
Kanthal wire, 19.1 Ohm/m, d = 0.3 mm, l = 100 m 06092-00 : 1x
Constantan wire, 6.9 Ohm/m, d = 0.3 mm, l = 100 m 06101-00 : 1x
Constantan wire, 4 Ohm/m, d = 0.4 mm, l = 50 m 06102-00 : 1x
Copper wire, d = 0.4 mm, l = 50 m 06106-02 : 1x
Copper wire, d = 0.5 mm, l = 50 m 06106-03 : 1x
Connecting cord, 32 A, 750 mm, red 07362-01 : 1x
Connecting cord, 32 A, 750 mm, blue 07362-04 : 1x
Plug with push-on sleeve 07542-04 : 1x
Screened cable, BNC, l 250 mm 07542-10 : 1x
Screened cable, BNC, l 750 mm 07542-11 : 1x
Adaptor, BNC socket/4 mm plug 07542-20 : 1x
Connector, T type, BNC 07542-21 : 1x
Adapter, BNC-plug/socket 4 mm 07542-26 : 2x
Adapter, BNC socket/4 mm plug pair 07542-27 : 1x

LAWS OF UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION -P1003900

PP1003900

In this experiment, the students should explore the concept of acceleration by using uniformly accelerated motion as an example, and recognize the laws of the motion with aid of diagrams. By comparing the slopes obtained from s/t2 and the v-t diagram, the proportionality factor k in the equation s = kt2 can be determined to be approximately a/2. Thus, a better understanding of the equation s = 1/2at2 can be reached.

Tasks

What laws govern uniformly accelerated motion?

A car moves along a track under the influence of the weight (force) of a mass. Record the course of the motion with a recording timer and recording tape and investigate the corresponding path-time and velocity-time diagram.

Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936-00 : 1x
Cart for measurements and experiments 11060-00 : 1x
Track 1, l=500 mm 11302-00 : 1x
Track 2, 500 mm 11303-00 : 1x
Recording timer 11607-00 : 1x
Recording tape, 10 mm wide 11607-01 : 1x
Fishing line, l. 20m 02089-00 : 1x
Slotted weight, black, 50 g 02206-01 : 1x
Pulley,movable,dia.65mm,w.hook 02262-00 : 1x
Rod for pulley 02263-00 : 1x
Weight holder, silver bronze, 1 g 02407-00 : 1x
Slotted weight, blank, 1 g 03916-00 : 3x
Holding pin 03949-00 : 1x
Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, blue 07361-04 : 2x
PHYWE power supply DC: 0...12 V, 2 A / AC: 6 V, 12 V, 5 A 13506-93 : 1x

LAWS OF COLLISION/ AIR TRACK - PHYWE - P2130501

PP2130501

Principle

The velocities of two carts moving on a demonstrationtrack, are measured before and after collision, for both elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks

1. Elastic collision
1.The impulses of the two gliders as well as their sum after the collision.For comparison the mean value of the impulses of the first glider is entered as a horizontal line in the graph.
2.Their energies, in a manner analogous to Task 1.1
3.In accordance with the mean value of the measured impulse of the first glider before the collision, the theoretical values of the impulses for the two gliders are entered for a range of mass ratios from 0 to 3. For purposes of comparison the measuring points (see 1.1) are plotted in the graph.
4.In accordance with the mean value of the measured energy of the first glider before the collision, the theoretical values of the energy after the collision are plotted analogously to Task 1.3. In the process, the measured values are compared with the theoretical curves.

2. Inelastic collision
1.The impulse values are plotted as in Task 1.1.
2.The energy values are plotted as in Task 1.2.
3.The theoretical and measured impulse values are compared as in Task 1.3.
4.As in Task 1.4, the theoretical and measured energy values are compared. In order to clearly illustrate the energyloss and its dependence on the mass ratios, the theoretical functions of the total energy of both gliders and the energy loss after the collision are plotted.

What you can learn about
"Conservation of momentum
"Conservation of energy
"Linear motion
"Velocity
"Elastic loss
"Elastic collision

LAWS OF COLLISION/ AIR TRACK (WITH COBRA3) - PHYWE - P2130511

PP2130511

Principle

The velocity of two gliders, moving without friction on an air-cushion track, are measured before and after collision, for both elastic and inelastic collision.

Tasks
"Elastic collision
1.A glider whose mass always remains unchanged collides with a second resting glider at a constant velocity. A measurement series, in which the velocities of the first glider before the collision and the velocities of both gliders after it are to be measured, is conducted by varying mass of the resting glider.


"Inelastic collision
1.A glider, whose mass always remains unchanged, collides with a constant velocitiy with a second resting glider. A measurement series with different masses of the resting glider is performed: the velocities of the first glider before the collision and those of both gliders, which have equal velocities, after it are to be measured.

What you can learn about
"conservation of momentum
"conservation of energy
"linear motion
"velocity
"elastic loss
"elastic collision
"inelastic collision

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT - PHYWE - P1423200

PP1423200

Principle

The hydrostatic pressure in a fluid can be measured with the Pascal's vase apparatus. The pressure on the bottom of the device is transferred to the pointer.

It is demonstrated that the hydrostatic pressure is only dependent on the height and independent of the shape of the vessel.

Benefits

Simple and clear setup
Achievement of an elemental learnig objective with little effort